This chapter gives a brief comparison between OSI and TCP/IP protocols with a special focus on the similarities and on how the protocols from both worlds map to each other. The adoption of TCP/IP does not conflict with the OSI standards because the two protocol stacks were developed concurrently. In some ways, TCP/IP contributed to OSI, and vice-versa. Several important differences do exist, though, which arise from the basic requirements of TCP/IP which are:
- A common set of applications
- Dynamic routing
- Connectionless protocols at the networking level
- Universal connectivity
- Packet-switching
The main differences between the OSI architecture and that of TCP/IP relate to the layers above the transport layer (layer 4) and those at the network layer (layer 3)। OSI has both, the session layer and the presentation layer, whereas TCP/IP combines both into an application layer. The requirement for a connectionless protocol also required TCP/IP to combine OSI’s physical layer and data link layer into a network level. readmore
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