Laptop Computer Buying Guide

Buying Guide Glossary Compare

The Basics
While most users think of laptop computers as desktop computers you can carry around, that's not always the case. True, some laptops are designed as desktop replacements, offering similar power and performance on the go. But many laptops have other tricks up their sleeves, serving as tablet PCs or multimedia players in a fashion that their desk-chained brethren could never match.

But first, we'll talk about the similarities between laptop and desktop computers and what you should look for when you're shopping for a portable PC. Microsoft's new Windows Vista operating system came out this year, and it is available across the industry in new laptop computers. There are several variations of Vista, ranging from a Basic to an Ultimate Edition, but most laptop computers ship with either Vista Home Premium or Vista Business. These mid-range operating systems offer lots of multimedia tools and corporate features respectively, packaged in the sleek Aero interface with its translucent windows and Mac-like animations.

Any OS upgrade requires a little extra fire in the belly, and Vista is no exception. Luckily, laptop computing power continues to grow at a rate as fast--in some cases even faster--as their desktop counterparts. Most new laptop computers ship with dual-core processors, which are CPUs that pair two processing cores on a single chip. These processors speed up performance nicely, especially with more intensive applications and multitasking. Most of these processors are also 64-bit, which means that they can handle Vista to its fullest potential (the OS is available in both 32- and 64-bit versions) and are ready for upcoming applications. Dual-core, 64-bit processors are available from both AMD and Intel, so which version you want comes down to personal preference.

We'll talk about the rest of the components you might find in a laptop computer in our How to Shop section, but first, here are five questions you should consider before buying a laptop.

How Fingerprint Scanners Work

Computerized fingerprint scanners have been a mainstay of spy thrillers for decades, but up until recently, they were pretty exotic technology in the real world. In the past few years, however, scanners have started popping up all over the place -- in police stations, high-security buildings and even on PC keyboards. You can pick up a personal USB fingerprint scanner for less than $100, and just like that, your computer's guarded by high-tech biometrics. Instead of, or in addition to, a password, you need your distinctive print to gain access. In this article, we'll examine the secrets behind this exciting development in law enforcement and identity security. We'll also see how fingerprint scanner security systems stack up to conventional password and identity card systems, and find out how they can fail.

Why are there limits on CPU speed?

When you buy a CPU chip, it has a "maximum" speed rating stamped on the chip's case. For example, the chip might indicate that it is a 3-GHz part. This means that the chip will perform without error when executed at or below that speed within the chip's normal temperature parameters.
There are two things that limit a chip's speed:
Transmission delays on the chip
Heat build-up on the chip
Transmission delays occur in the wires that connect things together on a chip. The "wires" on a chip are incredibly small aluminum or copper strips etched onto the silicon. A chip is nothing more than a collection of transistors and wires that hook them together, and a transistor is nothing but an on/off switch. When a switch changes its state from on to off or off to on, it has to either charge up or drain the wire that connects the transistor to the next transistor down the line. Imagine that a transistor is currently "on." The wire it is driving is filled with electrons. When the switch changes to "off," it has to drain off those electrons, and that takes time. The bigger the wire, the longer it takes.

Introduction to How Motherboards Work

Motherboards tie everything in your computer together. Go inside motherboards with diagrams and video and learn about sockets, the CPU and computer.. the case off of a computer, you've seen the one piece of equipment that ties everything together -- the motherboard. A motherboard allows all the parts...
Computer
> Hardware Basics

Form Factor
From How Motherboards Work
Form factor is one of many standards that apply to motherboards. Learn how form factor and other standards affect how a motherboard looks and works... A motherboard by itself is useless, but a computer has to have one to operate. The motherboard's main job is to hold the computer's microprocessor...
Computer
> Hardware Basics

How RAM works?

How RAM works?

Types of RAM
The following are some common types of RAM:
SRAM: Static random access memory uses multiple transistors, typically four to six, for each memory cell but doesn't have a capacitor in each cell. It is used primarily for cache.
DRAM: Dynamic random access memory has memory cells with a paired transistor and capacitor requiring constant refreshing.
FPM DRAM: Fast page mode dynamic random access memory was the original form of DRAM. It waits through the entire process of locating a bit of data by column and row and then reading the bit before it starts on the next bit. Maximum transfer rate to L2 cache is approximately 176 MBps.
EDO DRAM: Extended data-out dynamic random access memory does not wait for all of the processing of the first bit before continuing to the next one. As soon as the address of the first bit is located, EDO DRAM begins looking for the next bit. It is about five percent faster than FPM. Maximum transfer rate to L2 cache is approximately 264 MBps.
SDRAM: Synchronous dynamic random access memory takes advantage of the burst mode concept to greatly improve performance. It does this by staying on the row containing the requested bit and moving rapidly through the columns, reading each bit as it goes. The idea is that most of the time the data needed by the CPU will be in sequence. SDRAM is about five percent faster than EDO RAM and is the most common form in desktops today. Maximum transfer rate to L2 cache is approximately 528 MBps.
DDR SDRAM: Double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM is just like SDRAM except that is has higher bandwidth, meaning greater speed. Maximum transfer rate to L2 cache is approximately 1,064 MBps (for DDR SDRAM 133 MHZ)

XDR™2 Memory vs. GDDR5

The Future of Memory

XDR™2 memory is the latest generation of the award-winning XDR memory architecture. Capable of unprecedented data rates of up to 12.8Gbps, XDR2 is the world's fastest memory solution. It delivers twice the peak bandwidth per device when compared to GDDR5 DRAM.

Fast and Smart

The XDR2 memory solution provides incredible bandwidth performance and does so at far lower power than GDDR5 memory. In fact, XDR2 consumes 30% less power than GDDR5 at equal bandwidth performance. Given equal power budget, XDR2 memory provides 50% more bandwidth than GDDR5. And at full speed, XDR2 DRAM deliver twice the bandwidth of GDDR5 devices.

Mobile Memory Initiative

Squeezing big performance into tiny packages

System-in-Package (SiP) technology stacks a number of integrated circuits - such as a media processor, DRAM, and Flash memory device - in a single package or module. SiP allows designers to achieve high functionality in a very compact space making it ideal for mobile phones. Though it offers great benefits, SiP faces a big challenge: the difficulty in determining whether memory devices are known good die (KGD) before assembly of the SiP. This can lead to poor manufacturing yields and increased costs. Thanks to Rambus innovations, available for licensing, technology such as SiPFLOW™ can address the KGD challenge achieving assembly yields of better than 100 defective parts per million devices (DPPM). That means designers can squeeze more performance into mobile phones at a price that consumers will like.

Graphics RAM GDDR5

Qimonda GDDR5 introduces features and functions that go beyond previous GDDR standards and enables today’s GDDR5 to operate at data rates up to 6 Gbps, three times the performance of todays high speed GDDR3. The GDDR5 combines highest performance with stable system operation and low implementation costs.

Memory bandwidth is a key factor in the rapidly increasing 3D rendering performance of PC graphics systems and game consoles. Over the last years, the memory bandwidth of graphics DRAMs grew by nearly 30% per year. Bandwidth of graphics memory systems exceeds those of PC main memory by far.

GDDR5 Benefits

• Highest bandwidth
• Robust signaling concept
• Low implementation costs
• Easy system bring up
• Fast time to market

XDR™2 Memory Architecture world's fastest memory system solution

XDR™2 Memory Architecture

The XDR™2 memory architecture is the world's fastest memory system solution capable of providing twice the peak bandwidth per device when compared to a GDDR5-based system. Further, the XDR2 memory architecture delivers this performance at 30% lower power than GDDR5 at equivalent bandwidth.

Designed for scalability, power efficiency and manufacturability, the XDR2 architecture is a complete memory solution ideally suited for high-performance gaming, graphics and multi-core compute applications.

Initial systems can achieve memory bandwidths of over 500GB/s into an SoC. Each XDR DRAM can deliver up to 38.4GB/s of peak bandwidth from a single, 4-byte-wide, 9.6Gbps XDR2 DRAM device, and the XDR2 architecture supports a roadmap to device bandwidths of over 50GB/s.

Capable of data rates of 6.4 to 12.8Gbps, the XDR2 architecture is the latest generation in the award-winning family of XDR products. With backwards compatibility to XDR DRAM, the XDR2 architecture is part of a continuously compatible roadmap, offering a path for both performance upgrades and system cost reductions.

USB Bluetooth Adapter, USB to Bluetooth Dongle, 10M Class 2

Product Description

Ultra

Portable! Plug & Play!

Bluetooth is popping up on mobile phones, PDAs, cameras, and even printers

these days, but what about your PC? Meritline tiny USB Bluetooth adapter plugs

into a PC's USB port so that it can interact wirelessly with other devices.

Bluetooth is not as fast as a 10/100 wired Ethernet or an 802.11b/g wireless

connection, but it's fast enough for synchronizing PDA data, transferring the

occasional file from PC to PC, and casual Web browsing.

By connecting your PC to a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone or PDA using

Meritline USB Bluetooth adapter you can:

• Connect your PC to a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone
• Connect to the Internet, send and receive email, browse the web
• Synchronize with a Bluetooth enabled PDA
• Hook up to an office network (with Bluetooth access point)
• Communicate with other Bluetooth devices

read more

USB Aroma Digi Fan

USB Aroma Digi Fan

Features & Specifications:

USB powered, no external power required.

USB Aroma Digi Fan dispenses essential oil aromas without heating or burning.

This Aroma Digi Fan is more efficient and safer than conventional candle burners.

Safer than a candle diffuser, no fire hazard.

Can be left unattended without fear of burning dry.

Very portable, use it in the your workplace.

No cleaning of messy oil remains.

Leaf Sponge easy cleaning.

Fan Folds down for convenient storage.

Comes with 3 x Leaf Sponge, 1 x Relaxation Aroma Oil

Fan: 90 degree rotatable.

ON/OFF switch.

Fan size: 116 x 73 x 110 mm

Weight: 89gm

read more

R-Driver II USB to IDE cable

As regular readers will know, I have a certain enthusiasm for plug-and-go gadgets that turn ATA (IDE) devices into USB ones, or do related interface-bending tricks. Not that I make a religion out of them, or anything. I realise that a simple external drive box is a much better, and not necessarily any more expensive, option if you want semi-permanent transportable storage. But it's still cool that devices exist that let you turn a nude ATA drive into a USB storage device in, literally, seconds.

These things are handy low-level geek tools for those moments when, y'know, you've got this machine in pieces for a motherboard upgrade, and you've just realised there's stuff on its drive that you need to access on that machine, and you don't want to shut that machine down and take the side off and unplug one of its drives (because its ATA cables are fully populated, of course) and push the cases together and string a ribbon cable across the gap, or unscrew this machine's drive and sit it on some cardboard in the bottom of that machine's casing, then boot that machine again, just to get those 27 stupid kilobytes of data. With a USB-IDE cable, you can power up a drive by itself whether it's screwed into a PC or not, hot-plug it into another running computer, shift your data (well, possibly after a brief stop in Disk Management to import the foreign disk, if you're running a recent Windows flavour), unplug it again, and get on with your day. read more

Linksys Music Bridge Links PC and Stereo

notebook PC would make the best jukebox imaginable if not for its tiny speakers. That's why I tried the $100 Linksys Wireless-G Music Bridge (WMB54G), which lets me stream music from my laptop to my stereo. It worked like a charm--that is, when it worked; unfortunately the product doesn't play well with all recent Wi-Fi routers.

Controlled by a simple desktop utility, the Music Bridge wirelessly diverts all PC audio from your networked Windows computer straight to your home stereo.

When I ran the screenless device on a network outfitted with a standard 802.11g router, wizard-based adjustment of the Music Bridge's Wi-Fi settings went smoothly. After hooking up the device to my stereo receiver using the supplied cable, I was soon streaming everything from Windows alert sounds to iTunes tracks from my 802.11g-equipped notebook. The audio was mostly great, though I had occasional and irritating brief outages--particularly when I tested with an 802.11b adapter.

How to Optimally Position a Wireless Access Point or Router

The performance of a Wi-Fi home network greatly depends on signal strength of the wireless router or wireless access point (base station).
If a given wireless client falls out of range of the base station signal, obviously that network connection will fail or "drop." Clients situated near the edge of the network range will likely experience intermittent dropped connections. But even when a wireless client stays within range consistently, its network performance can still be adversely affected by distance, obstructions, or interference.
To position your wireless equipment for optimal network performance, follow these guidelines: readmore

Wireless-G Range Expander

Expand the range of your wireless home network. The Wireless-G Range Expander is the easy way to increase the effective coverage of your wireless network.

Freedom of Wireless
Unlike adding a traditional access point to your network to expand wireless coverage, the Wireless-G Range Expander does not need to be connected to the network by a data cable. Just put it within range of your main access point or wireless router. It is designed to "bounce" signals into those distant, reflective corners and hard-to-reach areas where wireless coverage is spotty and cabling is impractical. This "relay station" or "repeater" approach helps to build a wireless infrastructure and save wiring costs.

readmore

Comparison between TCP/IP and OSI

This chapter gives a brief comparison between OSI and TCP/IP protocols with a special focus on the similarities and on how the protocols from both worlds map to each other. The adoption of TCP/IP does not conflict with the OSI standards because the two protocol stacks were developed concurrently. In some ways, TCP/IP contributed to OSI, and vice-versa. Several important differences do exist, though, which arise from the basic requirements of TCP/IP which are:

• A common set of applications
• Dynamic routing
• Connectionless protocols at the networking level
• Universal connectivity
• Packet-switching

The main differences between the OSI architecture and that of TCP/IP relate to the layers above the transport layer (layer 4) and those at the network layer (layer 3)। OSI has both, the session layer and the presentation layer, whereas TCP/IP combines both into an application layer. The requirement for a connectionless protocol also required TCP/IP to combine OSI’s physical layer and data link layer into a network level. readmore

TCP/IP Architecture Model: 4-Layers vs. OSI 7 Layers

TCP/IP architecture does not exactly follow the OSI model. Unfortunately, there is no universal agreement regarding how to describe TCP/IP with a layered model. It is generally agreed that TCP/IP has fewer levels (from three to five layers) than the seven layers of the OSI model. We adopt a four layers model for the TCP/IP architecture.

TCP/IP architecture omits some features found under the OSI model, combines the features of some adjacent OSI layers and splits other layers apart। The 4-layer structure of TCP/IP is built as information is passed down from applications to the physical network layer. When data is sent, each layer treats all of the information it receives from the upper layer as data, adds control information (header) to the front of that data and then pass it to the lower layer. When data is received, the opposite procedure takes place as each layer processes and removes its header before passing the data to the upper layer. readmore

Linksys wireless G router setup

If you bought either one of these two wireless data cards for Home purpose and fed up with either its slow speed or frequent disconnections, your best bet would be to turn back and look at the traditional Broadband service but this time with a small enhancement, a Wi-Fi connection.

Officially, Wi-Fi doesn’t have any expansion but it is seen being called as a short form for Wireless Fidelity, a term derived from High Fidelity or Hi-Fi, a audio recording term. A Wi-Fi device converts the Broadband signals from a modem and send them across as Radio signals which the Network Adaptors installed in computers in that network recognizes, there by giving you the access to Internet without a any wire.readmore

POWERBUILDER 11.5

The latest version of PowerBuilder brings .NET interoperability enhancements, DataWindow innovations and many other new capabilities to make your job even easier, your applications even more robust and your development even faster. Here's what's new in PowerBuilder 11.5:

PowerBuilder is .NET
PowerBuilder gives developers the flexibility and power to bring existing applications into or build entirely new applications for ।NET WinForms, WebForms and Smart Clients. Delivering on another phase in our .NET roadmap, PowerBuilder 11.5 provides: readmore

Paragon Drive Backup Express - Windows clone hard disk software

Clone hard disk software, special software that replicates the structure and contents of hard disk as disk image. As cloning hard disk using clone hard disk software consider the best data recovery method because it can restore back your entire PC, including the OS plus your data, applications, pictures, video, financial documents, settings and everything like the old hard disk data.

However, the popular disk backup and cloning software like Acronis True Image 9 or Norton Ghost 10 already exists are far expensive। So, i have gather free clone hard disk software list to clone or copy your hard drive in no particular order। readmore

Clone Your Hard Drive With Ghost 2003

So you want to upgrade your hard drive to a larger and faster drive but do not want to install the Operating System and programs. The solution, use Ghost 2003.

Here is a short tutorial that will quickly explain how to use Ghost 2003 to clone your hard drive to another hard drive. This is very useful for someone that wants to install a larger hard drive but doesn't want to go through the effort of reinstalling the operating system and all of their programs. When you do this, your new disk should be the same size or larger than the original hard disk.

I will make the assumption that you have the new hard drive installed in the media bay and want to clone the main drive to the media bay hard drive. The new hard drive should already be installed in the media bay. If you need instructions on how to do this, visit these pages if you have a Dell C-Series Notebook or D-Series Notebook. NOTE: This same procedure can be used to Ghost any drive. You will just have to make the correct modifications to the instructions.

I will use the Ghost Wizard to accomplish this task। readmore

Power Data Recovery 4.6.5

Power Data Recovery is a powerful and professional data recovery software that help you recover your data after accidental deletion, format, repartition, virus attack, software malfunction, system crash। It is an easy to use file recovery software and partition recovery software that help you recover deleted files and delete/lost partitions. The supported file systems is FAT12/16/32 and NTFS. And also, it supports NTFS compressed or encrypted files, and Windows Dynamic Disk: Simple Volume, Spanned Volume, Stripe Volume, Mirror Volume,Raid-5 Volume. readmore

Seven great PHP IDEs compared

In short, an IDE provides a one-stop shop for your coding work. An IDE contains an editor in which you can edit the code, debug the code, view your code in a browser (often embedded), and check in and out of source code control. To support that functionality, an IDE has a set of features you don't find in a basic editor, such as Notepad or Vim. Again, you can extend editors to do a lot of these things, but IDEs have all this functionality in one tidy package -- typically preconfigured readmore

Seven great PHP IDEs compared

In short, an IDE provides a one-stop shop for your coding work. An IDE contains an editor in which you can edit the code, debug the code, view your code in a browser (often embedded), and check in and out of source code control. To support that functionality, an IDE has a set of features you don't find in a basic editor, such as Notepad or Vim. Again, you can extend editors to do a lot of these things, but IDEs have all this functionality in one tidy package -- typically preconfigured readmore

Building Your Own Desktop Notepad Application Using PHP-GTK

If you think building a desktop application such as Notepad is difficult, think again। If you use PHP-GTK, it's almost ridiculously easy. This article will show you how. By the time you're done, you'll have a full cross-platform application in about 100 lines. readmore

Using Notepad for PHP

You don't need any fancy programs to work with PHP. In fact, all Window's computers come standard with a program called Notepad, that is used to create plain text documents. Here is how you use it to create a PHP file. readmore

Eclipse PHP Integrated Development Environment

The PHP IDE Project is a proposed open-source project under the Eclipse Tools Project. This document describes the content and the scope of the proposed project.
This proposal is in the Project Proposal Phase and is written to declare its intent and scope. This proposal is written to solicit additional participation and input from the Eclipse community. You are invited to comment on and/or join the project. Please send all feedback to the http://www.eclipse.org/newsportal/thread.php?group=eclipse.tools.php readmore

Installing PHP and MySQL

PHP and MySQL are usually associated with LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP). However, most PHP developer ( including me ) are actually using Windows when developing the PHP application. So this page will only cover the WAMP ( Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP ). You will learn how to install Apache, PHP, and MySQL under Windows platform. readmore

Getting Started with MySQL

This article is the first in an educational series offered by MySQL AB aimed towards providing the reader with valuable insight into the MySQL database server। Although future articles will delve into some of the more complicated topics surrounding MySQL, including replication, ODBC and optimization, it was thought to be prudent if the first tutorial started, well, at the beginning. Therefore the goal of this article is to thoroughly acquaint the reader with various topics surrounding the basic functioning of MySQL. A synopsis of what is covered is shown in the Table of Contents, listed below. You can go to any topic listed in the Table of Contents simply by clicking on its title. रीड read more

Apache Configuration System

These documents will attempt to explain The Apache Configuration System, various PHP configuration options in the EasyApache 3 interface, describe the PHP configuration system in detail and give guidelines on how to deal with common PHP problems.
Please select a "Main Topic" and then you can select a "Sub-Topic" when the page loads detailing the sub-topics contained in that section of the documents. read more...

Apache Configuration GUI for Windows

ApacheConf is an Apache Configuration GUI for Windows that will help you to tune the main Apache configuration httpd.conf file. ApacheConf presents all the information in the httpd.conf file in a structured view. All of the server's directives are grouped by category (Global parameters, Main server's parameters, Directories, Virtual hosts, etc) and all these groups are represented as a tree. In this way, you can see the entire structure of the server at a glance and you can easily manage all of the server's directives, as well as the directories and virtual hosts. read more...

20 ways to Secure your Apache Configuration

Here are 20 things you can do to make your apache configuration more secure.
Disclaimer: The thing about security is that there are no guarantees or absolutes. These suggestions should make your server a bit tighter, but don't think your server is necessarily secure after following these suggestions.
Additionally some of these suggestions may decrease performance, or cause problems due to your environment. It is up to you to determine if any of the changes I suggest are not compatible with your requirements. In other words proceed at your own risk. read more...

PHP Example Scripts

Everythings you need in PHP programming and samples is here for you! read more...

How to Send Email from a PHP Script - About Email

PHP seems to make most things extremely easy. Sending mail is no exception.
Send Email from a PHP Script
All it takes is the right configuration (to send mail using a local or a remote server) and one function: read more...

What can PHP do?

Here we would like to show the very basics of PHP in a short, simple tutorial. This text only deals with dynamic web page creation with PHP, though PHP is not only capable of creating web pages. See the section titled What can PHP do for more information.
PHP-enabled web pages are treated just like regular HTML pages and you can create and edit them the same way you normally create regular HTML pages. read more...

PHP Tutorial - Learn PHP

If you want to learn the basics of PHP, then you've come to the right place. The goal of this tutorial is to teach you the basics of PHP so that you can: read more...

Installing and Troubleshooting FTP7.5

Microsoft has created a new FTP service that has been completely rewritten for Windows Server® 2008. This new FTP service incorporates many new features that enable web authors to publish content better than before, and offers web administrators more security and deployment options. read more...

How to Install and Use FTP Folders

XP includes a built-in FTP service component that lets FTP clients connect to the machine and read or write files; however, this service doesn't install by default. To install the FTP service, perform the following steps: read more...

Installing IIS on Windows XP Pro

If you are running Windows XP Professional on your computer you can install Microsoft's web server, Internet Information Server 5.1 (IIS) for free from the Windows XP Pro installation CD and configure it to run on your system by following the instructions below: - read more...

WAMP Installation Guide

WAMP (Windows-Apache-mySQL-PHP) is an all-in-one packages which installs the basic programs you will need to get a localhost running and to be able to build and run PHP scripts. read more..

how to install apache, PHP and MySQL on Linux

This tutorial explains the installation of Apache web server, bundled with PHP and MySQL server on a Linux machine. The tutorial is primarily for SuSE 9.2, 9.3, 10.0 & 10.1 operating systems, but most of the steps ought to be valid for all Linux-like operating systems. read more...

installing openSUSE 11.1 from the DVDs

This is a guide on installing openSUSE 11.1 from the DVDs. This is a basic overview of the installation steps for most users. For more information, please refer to the Installation page on how to install openSUSE on specific platforms, and to the Installation Help page for more information. read more...

Step by Step Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty) Desktop installation guide

Ubuntu 9.04 i.e Jaunty is the newest Ubuntu stable version and i am going to discuss here how to install ubuntu Jaunty desktop with step by step procedure.I hope this will help some ubuntu users to install ubuntu Jaunty in their machines,laptops, etc.

First thing is you need to download ubuntu jaunty .iso image from here once you have the .iso image you need to create a bootable CD from this and you need to boot your machine using this CD. read more...

Installing Exchange Server 2003 on Windows Server 2003 Local Quorum Cluster

This article covers the procedure that can be followed to create a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 local quorum cluster and install Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 on it. This is very useful for viewing of functionality of cluster server and getting Exchange Server 2003 running on it without need for shared SCSI disk or more complicated virtual machine setup. This procedure is not recommended for a production environment and should generally be done only in a lab environment. read more...

How to Install Windows Server 2008 Step by Step

Installing Windows Server 2008 is pretty straightforward and is very much like installing Windows Vista, but I thought I'd list the necessary steps here for additional information. For those of you who have never installed Vista before, the entire installation process is different than it used to be in previous Microsoft operating systems, and notably much easier to perform. Read more..

Step By Step Windows Server 2003 Installation Guide

Windows Server 2003 operating systems take the best of Windows 2000 Server technology and make it easier to deploy, manage, and use. The result: a highly productive infrastructure that helps make your network a strategic asset for your organization.Windows Server 2003 SP2 provides enhanced security, increased reliability, and a simplified administration to help enterprise customers across all industries. Read more...

How can I install Windows XP Pro on my computer?

When you run the Windows XP Professional Setup program, you must provide information about how to install and configure the operating system. Thorough planning can make your installation of Windows XP Professional more efficient by helping you to avoid potential problems during installation. An understanding of the configuration options will also help to ensure that you have properly configured your system. Read more...

How do I install Active Directory on my Windows Server 2003 server?

CLICK LINK BELOW.
http://www.petri.co.il/how_to_install_active_directory_on_windows_2003.htm

Install and Configure the Email Server in Windows Server 2003

CLICK THIS LINK

http://www.gafvert.info/EmailServer.htm

Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008 is the most recent release of Microsoft Windows' server line of operating systems. Released to manufacturing on 4 February 2008 and officially released on 27 February 2008, it is the successor to Windows Server 2003, released nearly five years earlier. Like Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 is built on the Windows NT 6.0 kernel. A second release, named Windows Server 2008 R2, is currently under development.

Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2003 (also referred to as Win2K3) is a server operating system produced by Microsoft. Introduced on 24 April 2003 as the successor to Windows 2000 Server, it is considered by Microsoft to be the cornerstone of its Windows Server System line of business server products^{[citation needed]}. An updated version, Windows Server 2003 R2, was released to manufacturing on 6 December 2005. Its successor, Windows Server 2008, was released on 4 February 2008.

According to Microsoft, Windows Server 2003 is more scalable and delivers better performance than its predecessor, Windows 2000.^[2]